Diabetes is not just a metabolic disorder -- it is a lifelong condition that can quietly affect multiple organs, including the eyes. With rising cases of diabetes in India, the threat of vision loss due to diabetic complications has become a major public health concern. This year's theme, "Diabetes and Well-being," reminds us that managing diabetes goes beyond controlling blood sugar; it also means protecting one's overall health and quality of life, including vision.

High blood sugar over time can damage the tiny blood vessels in the retina -- the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye -- leading to a condition known as Diabetic Retinopathy. Initially, there may be no symptoms, which is why regular eye examinations are crucial. If left untreated, it can progress to severe vision loss or even blindness.

In addition to retinopathy, people with diabetes are more prone to developing cataract at an earlier age and have a higher risk of glaucoma, a condition that damages the optic nerve due to increased eye pressure. Fluctuating vision, blurry eyesight, or difficulty in reading can sometimes be early signs of uncontrolled diabetes affecting the lens of the eye.

While diabetic eye disease often develops silently, a few symptoms should never be ignored:

The foundation of good eye health in diabetics lies in strict blood sugar control. Keeping blood pressure and cholesterol levels within normal limits further reduces the risk of eye complications. Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, avoiding smoking, and maintaining a healthy body weight contribute significantly to overall well-being.

Equally important is scheduling annual comprehensive eye check-ups with dilated retinal examination, even if no vision problems are apparent. In many cases, early changes in the retina can be detected and treated before vision loss occurs.

Advances in ophthalmology have transformed the way diabetic eye diseases are managed. Depending on the stage and severity, several treatments are available:

Good diabetes management is not just about numbers on a glucose meter -- it's about preserving the ability to live independently, enjoy daily activities, and maintain confidence and dignity. Eye health is an integral part of overall well-being.

As we observe this year's theme, "Diabetes and Well-being," it is important to remember that timely eye check-ups, healthy living, and awareness are the three pillars of vision protection. With vigilance, care, and medical guidance, people living with diabetes can continue to see the world clearly -- and live life fully.